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23/09/2019

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03/09/2019

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Click on Monday 12 :00 way of life with my samsung M20https://amzn.to/2MSWCrI HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN INDIARaj...
03/09/2019

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HISTORY OF ROAD DEVELOPMENT IN INDIA
Rajib Chattaraj*1.

Introduction :The Early History of roads around the world


The origin of roads dates back to the period before the advent of recorded history. Ascivilization advanced, the growth of agriculture took place and human settlements began to be formed. From one settlement to another, tracks were formed. These tracksmight have been the skeletal framework of modern highways.


The invention of wheel in early Mesopotamian Civilization –Ubaidian culture(approx3500 – 5000 B.C.) was a revolution in they transport system. Man soon learned the artof joining two wheels to get the advantage of an axle and thereby built two-wheeledand four-wheeled carts and chariots. The art of road building soon began with theneed to provide a hard durable surface to withstand the abrading effects of the wheels.
1.1 The mention of road buildings in Early Civilizations


Indus – Valley Civilization (2600 – 2800 B.C.) flourished with well planned townshaving an elaborate street and drainage system. The streets were laid out in regularorder in straight lines (modern grid pattern). The biggest street in Mohenjo Daro washalf a mile long and about thirty feet wide. It is likely that the wheeled carts were inexistence then.

•
The Roman Civilization (8
th
Century B.C.) was well known for good road system it built. About 1,00,000 km. road network served military and administrative purposesof the Roman Empire extended over vast regions. Rome was the focal point fromwhere 29 major roads radiated in all directions. This is the basis of the famous saying:“All roads lead to Rome.” The top layers of the pavement consisted of flat stones.Lime mortar was used to cement the stones. Bridges were built across the rivers withstone blocks. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the road building received a set back in Europe

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