22/09/2026
Mahanavami, 1520. Nine days at the court of Vijayanagara.
A Portuguese horse-trader named Domingo Paes stood in this arena and wrote down what he saw. Swipe to walk through his nine days.
Artist's reconstruction based on Paes, 1520.
Every captain had to build a castle for the king.
Tall towers of timber, several storeys high, hung with rich cloth, with dancers performing inside. Nine from the chief captains, one from every other. (Nuniz, c.1535. Razzaq saw painted pavilions up to nine storeys in 1443.)
The throne was for the deity. The king sat in front of it.
Gold lions, gold plates, rubies and pearls. The golden image sat on the throne among roses; the king sat on cushions at the edge of the dais. (Paes)
Each morning the king showered his horses and elephants with white roses.
Eleven horses and four elephants waited below the platform. He threw three handfuls of roses over each, then censed them with perfume. (Paes)
Into the fire went rubies, pearls, aloes and perfume.
Ground to powder and cast into a small sacred fire after the king prostrated before the deity. (Paes)
At three o'clock, the wrestlers. A thousand were kept for this alone.
Heavy blows, broken teeth, men carried off. But there were captains and judges. (Paes. The thousand is Nuniz's count.)
The dancers wore a fortune, from collar to anklet.
Gold collars set with diamonds, rubies and pearls. Bracelets on forearm and upper arm. Jewelled girdles. Anklets. (Paes)
After sunset came torches, plays and fireworks.
Lit as bright as day. Mock cavalry battles, net-casters, then rockets and burning firework castles. (Paes)
The royal horses were blessed with coconut, rice, flowers and water.
They paraded twice round the arena behind a horse carrying the king's two state umbrellas, then lined up facing him. (Paes)
Sixty palace women, so loaded with gold that others held up their arms.
Aged sixteen to twenty, in caps flowered with pearls, each carrying a gold vessel. (Paes. Nuniz saw 36 wives carrying lit gold lamps.)
Day ten: the king reviewed his army.
Elephants in velvet and gold, cavalry in quilted brocade, shields painted with tigers, muskets firing across the plain. The festival deit